Mahogany

CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom: Plantae (Plants)Subkingdom: TracheobiontaSuper Division: SpermatophytaDivision: Magnoliophyta (flowering plants)Class: Magnoliopsida (two pieces / dikotil)Sub Class: RosidaeOrder: SapindalesFamily: MeliaceaeGenus: Swietenia (vascular plants) (Generate beans)Species: - Swietenia macrophylla (big leaf mahogany)
                 - Swietenia mahagoni (small-leaf mahogany)

 DESCRIPTION OF PLANT

Painting a tree
Mahogany is an annual crop plants, with an average height of 5-25 m (some even reach more than 30 m), rooted riding with round rods, branching much, and gummy wood. The leaves are compound leaves form, even pinnate, oval-shaped leaf blade, leaf tip and base tapering, flat leaf edges, long bones with pinnate leaves 3-15 cm.Young leaves are red and the old jreng jreng .. .. not the magic is not magic, turn green. Mahogany plant flowers is compound interest, arranged the flowers coming out of the armpit leaves. Mother's flower stalks cylindrical, light brown. The petals off one another to form a spoon-like, green. Crown flowers cylindrical, brownish yellow.Stamens attached to the crown. Anthers white / yellow brown. This new mahogany plants will bloom after the age of 7 or 8 years. After flowering, the next stage is to bear fruit. The fruit is a fruit mahogany box with an oval shape notched five. When the fruit is still green cute, and after a big brown. Inside the fruit there are seeds with the tip shaped flat and rather thick blackish brown color. Fruit is very old elderly aka skin will rupture on its own fruit and seeds flattened it will fly where the wind blows freely. When a suitable fall to the ground will grow into a new generation of plants mahogany


Terms of Growing and Propagation
 This mahogany plants are tropical plants and is usually found growing wild in the forests of teak and other places near the coast. These plants can thrive in brackish sand close to shore. These plants love the place enough to direct sunlight (not shaded). These plants include species of plants are resilient, meaning ... survive on arid land. Although it is not watered for months, mahogany still able to survive.Propagation can be done with seed plants, it could also grafts or grafting. For mahogany plants that will be used as a medicinal plant, it should not be given the chemical fertilizers (inorganic) and pesticides.

 Utilization
 Mahogany plants commonly found in roadside as shade trees. A large tree suitable for shelter. Besides, because of its heat resistance / live on arid land so that these plants decorate the edge of the road persisted in some areas. For residents of Indonesia, especially Java, this plant is not new, since the Dutch colonial era mahogany and colleagues, Asan trees, many planted by the roadside as a shade especially along the road Daendels (from Merak to Banyuwangi). And since last 20 years, the plant began to be cultivated because of mahogany wood has a fairly high economic value. The quality of wood is hard and very good for meubeler, furniture, carved items and handicrafts. Often also made a ruler because it is not easily changed. The quality is slightly below the mahogany wood teak, so often dubbed as the belle of the second (main belle tetep teak donk ..). For the old mahogany-colored wood is brownish red. There are several types of small-leafed mahogany is mahogany (Swietenia mahagoni) and broad-leafed mahogany (Swietenia macrophilea). Swietenia mahagoni quality wood better than Swietenia macrophilea.While excess Swietenia macrophilea is faster and grow into a large wooden plate.Other uses of the plant mahogany is used to dye his skin clothing. Fabrics are boiled with the skin will turn yellow and mahogany wantek (not faded). While the sap mahogany called blendok also be used as a raw material of glue (adhesive), and mahogany leaves for animal feed.Utilization of mahogany as the drug has been since the '70s. Taken are the seeds.At that time consumption is still a simple way (without being processed) is by swallowing the seeds immediately after disposing of the flat. It is said that many diseases are blurry after being treated with this mahogany seeds. But many complain that it tastes bitter. Today, in line with the motto back to nature, treatment with ingredients from nature began many ogled. Humans began to be more creative processing of natural materials that will be used as a medicine. Mahogany seeds as raw material for medicinal dried first and then finely ground into powder

 Fruit and seed
Fruit: dried fissure, generally shaped capsule bercuping 5, hard, long, 12-15 (-22) cm, gray-brown, smooth or. The outside of the fruit hardens, the thickness of 5-7 mm in thinner sections. The middle hardens like wood, shaped column with 5 angles which extends towards the tip.Fruit will break from the tip or base when ripe and dry. Seeds attached to the kolumela through the wings, leaving the real after seed regardless. Generally, every fruit there were 35 -45 seeds.Seed: brown, solid oval, elongated complementary to the top of the wing, 7.5-15 cm long reach with extensive water spaces. Seeds spread by wind. 1800-2500 the number of seeds per kg.

Flowering and fruiting
Flowers unisexual and monoecious tree. Pollination by insects. Hybridizationoften occur, especially with S. mahagoni when these species grow together. Usually onlyone flower to fruit, the others fall.Interest until the ripe fruit formation takes 9-12 months.The period of flowering and fruit occur every year from age 10-15 years but the formation of fruit willdecreased when pollinators decreases. A long time in the formation of fruit letsto assess the results of each month prior to harvesting. Flowering usually occurs when the trees shed leaves or when the new leaves begin to appear just before before the rainy season.

Summary data penologi
                                                    Spring fruit seasonNorth & Central America from April to June January to MarchSouth America from September to October July to AugustBritish Virgin Is. & Puerto Rico from May to June September to OctoberCosta Rica in March-Apri December to JanuarySolomon Islands from June to September -Philippines from March to June from December to MarchIndonesia from September to October from June to August

Harvest of fruit
Better fruit picked straight from the tree before it broke or seeds collected from under the stands shortly after a fall. Seed production varies place to grow and age.Pentingl factor in the efficiency of pollination for seed production is erratic, especially outside the natural distribution. Mature trees of S. macrophylla canproduce about 200 pieces cook more per year or approximately 4-8 kg of seed. But generally the production of only 2.5 - 4 kg seeds per tree for trees that editorial is quite open.

Processing, fruit and seed handlers
Dried fruit is ripe and the seed collected from the forest floor can be kept several days in a sack without causing damage. But to reduce the weight better when processed in the field. Dried fruit will be broke after 1-4 days, depending on maturity, after which the seeds can be separated by shaking or scratching fruit.Other fruit parts can be separated by hand.Furthermore done cutting the wings when needed.

Storage and viability
Seeds including orthodox and if stored in water content 3-7% at low temperatures (1-5 ° C) viability will remain high and can last several years. When seeds are stored in paper bags at room temperature, viability can be maintained for 7-8 months. The water content of ripe seeds are 9-12%. Percentage germination of fresh seeds 60-90%.

Pretreatment
Pretreatment is not so important, but the germination of seeds of low water levels can be improved by soaking in water for 12 hours.

Sowing and germination
For testing, seed dikecambahkan in sand media with a temperature range of 35-30 ° C or fixed temperature of 30 ° C for 12/12 or 8 / 16 hour light / dark. Seed sown in the nursery in an open sandbox deep 3-7 cm or directly sown in containers. Seeds germinate in moist media in the shade. Seeds will germinate in 10-21 days.Seedlings kept in the shade until planted in the field after the high reached 50 - 100 cm.